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In partnership with The Conversation, #Trending brings you Curious Kids, a series where we ask experts to answer questions from kids.
How do our voices come out of our mouths? Ziggy, age 4, from Springwood, New South Wales, Australia
Sally Hewat, associate professor in speech pathology and assistant dean international, University of Newcastle:
"We can all communicate in lots of different ways – using our hands to gesture or sign, writing letters, typing text messages, drawing pictures or even sending emojis. But if we want to communicate by speaking, then we need to use our voice. Our voice makes sound when we use air from our lungs to vibrate our vocal cords, which sit inside our voice boxes.
To find your voice box, feel for the bony lump at the front of your throat. We sometimes call this an ‘Adam’s apple’ in men. The air from the lungs causes the vocal cords to move quickly. This is called vibration. Try saying ‘ahh’ – then, gently place your fingers on your throat. You should be able to feel the vibration of your vocal cords. Another way is to imagine your lungs are a balloon – full of air. Now imagine the opening of the balloon is your vocal cords.
When the balloon is tied up, vocal cords are closed, and no air escapes. When the balloon isn’t tied, the vocal cords are open, and all air comes out. That’s like breathing out. But if you stretch the opening of a balloon sideways, you can control the amount of air that escapes. The opening vibrates and it makes a noise. That’s similar to what your vocal cords do when you talk. Then what happens? The voice continues to vibrate as it travels up through your throat and into your mouth and or your nose.
You can then control the flow of air using your lips, tongue, teeth and the roof of your mouth to make different sounds. When you say ‘ahh’, for example, you’re making your vocal cords vibrate with your mouth wide open and using the roof of your mouth to stop air escaping out through your nose. If you say ‘eee’ or ‘ooo’, the air still vibrates in your mouth but because you change the shape of your mouth, you make a different sound. Some sounds that we use to produce speech don’t use the voice from our vocal cords. Compare the sounds ‘sssss’ to ‘zzzzz’, for example. The shape of the mouth and position of tongue, lips, teeth and roof of the mouth are the same but the ‘s’ sound doesn’t use our voice, and the ‘z’ sound does.
Try saying ‘sssss’ and then ‘zzzzz’ out loud and feel the difference in the vibration on your throat. We also use our voice differently when we whisper. We don’t vibrate our vocal cords at all, we just use air from our lungs and move our mouth, tongue and lips."
. To read more of Hewat’s answer, go to theconversation.com
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